A new subspecies of Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 (Phasmatodea: Necrosciinae) from Yunnan, China

Faunitaxys
Revue de Faunistique, Taxonomie et Systématique
morphologique et moléculaire
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Faunitaxys, 9(4), 2021: 1-5. 1

A new subspecies of Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 (Phasmatodea:
Necrosciinae) from Yunnan, China

HAO-RAN GAO (1) & LE LIANG (2)

(1) College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China - gaohaoran909@gq.com
- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-0474 - ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/7502CF3F-EEC5-4E7A-94BF-8BDDEA7BOC9E
(2) College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China - 2628755834@qq.com
- http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-0845 - ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/4F89A438-260B-4192-8598-A2B2EA7C1553

Abstract. — Trachythorax maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov. from Yunnan, China is
here decribed. Photographs of the adults and eggs as well as a key to female of the six

Gao H.R. & Liang L., 2021. — A new subspecies of Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 (Phasmatodea:
Necrosciinae) from Yunnan, China. Faunitaxys, 9(4): 1—5.

ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/67DCCF75-4DF0-46ED-9292-43 IE8DC55DF4

Keywords:
known species from China are provided.
Phasmatodea; taxonomy;
Necrosciinae; new subspecies;
Trachythorax; key;
maculicollis; Yunnan;
yunnanensis; China.

Introduction

The genus Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 belongs to the
tribe Necrosciini of the subfamily Necrosciinae within the
family Lonchodidae. This genus consists of eleven species,
mainly distributed over Asia. So far, there are five species
recorded from China (Westwood, 1848; Retdenbacher, 1908;
Shiraki, 1911; Cai, 1989; Chen & He, 1995, 2008). A new
species, Trachythorax maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov.
from Yunnan, China is described herein.

Materials and methods

All type materials were collected from Yunnan, China. Photos of the
type specimens of Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 (Phasmida
Species File Online http://phasmida.speciesfile.org/) (Brock et al,
2021), together with all original and subsequent descriptions of known
species were checked.

Photos were taken by Olympus EM1 Mark II with 60mm F2.8 and
Sony a6300 with LAOWA 60mm F2.8.

Type materials are deposited in the following public and private
collections:

— YNAU: Yunnan Agricultural University;

— SWFU: Southwest Forest University, China;
— CAU: China Agricultural University;

— GHR: Author’s personal collection.

Taxonomy

Genus Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908
(Chinese vernacular name: }# aiti$/)

Type species: Phasma maculicollis Westwood, 1848 by
subsequent designation (Brock, 1995).

— Head behind elevated

— Head without distinct black spots

3. Hind wings long, distinctly surpassing tip of abdomen

— Apex of prothorax light yellow

Key to the species of Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 in China (Female)

1. Head behind flattened ..........0000.0 occ cece eee

2 Headswithiblacksspots@erna ere eee eer eee ee

— Hind wings shorter, not surpassing tip of abdomen ........

4. Hind wings rather long, distinctly surpassing tip of abdomen .................0.....0cec cece ee ee ee nent eee e ences T. longialatus

— Hind wings short, not surpassing tip of abdomen .........0 2.0.6... e ene n ene n ene n ne enenenens T. sexpunctatus

StueeApexs of prothoraxsdarks tedimeane eee ne ene ene Renee ee eee eee T. maculicollis maculicollis

Beta ent eeae T. maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov.

2 GAO & LIANG. — Trachythorax maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov. from Yunnan, China

Trachythorax maculicollis yannanensis Gao & Liang
subsp. nov.

(Chinese vernacular name: H&S} Ha Migs PAA)
(Fig. 1-11)
ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/A 15EE29C-DE04-404F-A BB3-7D7F740A569B

Holotype, 2, Menglun, Yunnan, China, 7.X.2020, Zha Yue, in YNAU.
Paratypes (9 ex.)

— 14, Menglun, Yunnan, China, 14.IX.2020, Li Hao-Kun, in YNAU.
—1 9 (with 14 eggs), Menglun, Yunnan, China, 7.X.2020, Li Hao-Kun, in CAU.
—1 9, Jinghong, Yunnan, China, V.2015, Gao Hao-Ran, in GHR.

—4 2 &2 3, Menglun, Yunnan, China, 6.111.2020, Xie Chong-Xin (1 Q in
YNAU; | ° with 14 eggs in CAU; 1 J & 1 9 inGHR; 1 & 1 2 in SWFU).

Diagnosis. — Trachythorax maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov. is very
similar to Trachythorax maculicollis maculicollis (Westwood, 1848), but
can be easily separated by light yellow anterior margin of the prothorax of
both male and female (Fig. 3).

Description of the female (Fig. 1, 3-4 & 11)

General aspect. — Medium-sized. Larger and more robust than male.
General coloration of body dark brown. Winged.

Head.— Longer than wide. Dark brown with black maculae. Vertex elevated
and sharp. No ocellus. Compound eye with brown spots and foggy-like black
maculae. Two black strips behind compound eye. Frons has three black
maculae, two behind torulus, one in the middle. Antenna brown with black
spots. Scapus setose.

Thorax. — Dark brown with black maculae. Pronotum with a pair of
parallel rows of three black maculae, with conspicuous mid-longitudinal
sulcus. The light-yellow anterior margin of the pronotum is curved inward.
The hind margin of the pronotum is black (Fig. 3). Mesonotum is almost two
times longer than pronotum. Mesonotum with a pair of tubercles in the middle
and a pair of three black maculae, one stripe-shape front tubercle and two
tubercles behind. Mesopleuron smooth. Metasternum fused to abdominal
sternum [.

Legs. — All legs are dark brown with foggy-like maculae, covered with
irregular patches and bristles. Pro- and mesocoxa are light yellow, being the
same color as the anterior margin of the pronotum. Profemora incurved basally.
The profemora almost reaches the length of the pronotum and mesonotum
combineds. Mesofemora are almost 2/3 the length of the profemora.
Metafemora is almost the same length as the profemora. Tibiae are unarmed.

Wings. — Tegmina dark brown with a definite hump anterolaterally. Alae
developed. Costal area with same color as tegmina. Veins dark brown. Anal area
translucent brown. Alae just reaching the abdominal segment VIII.

Abdomen. — Dark brown. Median segment smooth. Terg II-VII
rectangular, length gradually decreasing, approximately 2 longer than wide.
Tergum VII with a pair of black humps. Segments II-VI cylindrical.
Segments II-V lateral margins with black maculae. Cercus cylindrical, short,
robust, setose, light brown, with rounded apex. Subgenital plate longer than
segments VIII-[X combines.

Description of the male (Fig. 2 & 5-7)

General aspect. — Small size. Almost half length of female. Similar
to female.

Head. — Oval. Longer than wide. Dark brown with black maculae. Vertex
elevated but not obvious. Compound eye with brown spots and foggy-like black
maculae. Two black strips behind compound eye. Antenna brown with black
spots. Scapus setose.

Thorax. — Dark brown with black maculae. Pronotum with a pair parallel
rows of three black maculae, with conspicuous mid-longitudinal sulcus.
Pronotum anterior margin curved inward and light yellow, hind margin is
black. Mesonotum almost 2.5 times longer than pronotum. Mesonotum with a
pair of three black maculae, front macula long and stripe-shape, middle one
tiny and hind one triangular. Mesopleuron smooth and setose. Metasternum
fused to abdominal sternum I.

™ ¥

«

wld Z

Fig. 1-2. 2 maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov., habitus, dorsal view.
1) Holotype, 2. 2) Paratype, 3.

Faunitaxys, 9(4), 2021: 1-5. a

Fig. 3-10. Z maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov.
3-4) Holotype, 9: 3) Head and thorax, lateral view; 4) Apex of abdomen, lateral view.
5-7) Paratype, 3, apex of abdomen: 5) Lateral view; 6) Ventral view; 7) Dorsal view.
8-10) Egg: 8) Dorsal view; 9) Lateral view; 10) Anterior view.

4 GAO & LIANG. — Trachythorax maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov. from Yunnan, China

Legs. — Unarmed. Dark brown with yellow maculae. Profemora incurved
basally. Profemora length almost reaches pronotum and mesonotum combineed.
Mesofemora are almost 2/3 the length of the profemora. Metafemora is almost
the same length as the profemora.

Wings. — Tegmina dark brown with a definite hump anterolaterally. Alae
developed. Costal area of the same color as the tegmina. Veins dark brown. Anal
area translucent brown. Alae just reaching abdominal segment VI.

Abdomen. — Dark brown. Median segment smooth. Terga II-VII
rectangular, length gradually decreasing. Segments [I-VII cylindrical.
Segments II-V lateral margins with black maculae. Anal segment rounded
posteriorly. Cercus cylindrical, short, robust, setose, yellow, with rounded
apex. Vomer triangular.

Measurements

Body
Head

Antennae

Pronotum

Mesonotum

Metanotum

Profemora

Mesofemora

Metafemora

Protibiae

Mesotibiae

Metatibiae

Eggs (Fig. 8-10)

Capsule oval in lateral view; circular in cross-section; similar in width
and length. Micropylar plate connects both ends of capsule, anterior
margin approaching the opercular collar; significantly wider in the
posterior region. Operculum circular and perpendicular in relation to
capsule length; ornamented with distinctive lobate protuberance
commonly. Each strand of protuberance about 1.5-1.6 times longer
than diameter of operculum. Operculum rough with nodistinctive
ridge. Capsule smooth with relative homogeneous yellow coloration.
Protuberance and posterior dull light yellow. Micropylar plate milky
white. Operculum gray.

Egg measurements

— Capsule length: 2.9;

— Capsule width: 1.9;

— Capsule height: 1.8;

— Micropylar plate length: 2.2;
— Operculum diameter: 1.1.

Materials condition. — Holotype has lost the apex of both
antennae.

Etymology. — This new species is named after the type locality
Yunnan province, China.

Distribution. — Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China.

Notes. — The anterior margin of the pronotum in the male is light
yellow as in the female. This yellow fades rapidly after death.

China certainly distributed 7 maculicollis maculicollis, authors
had seen the living photos of them. But the recorded location
Jinghong, Xishuangbanna in Chen & He (2008) mostly distributed
the new subspecies 7’ maculicollis yunnanensis.

Acknowledgements

— We wish to thank Li Hao-Kun and Zha Yue for providing the
specimens.

— Thank Wang Peng and Wu Yun-Fei (CAU) for help in
photographing.

— We appreciate Francis Seow-Choen (Singapore) for improving
the manuscript.

— Thank Ma Li (YNAU), Wang Bao-Qing (CAU) and Cai Wan-
Zhi (CAV) for allowing authors to use the equipments in labs.

— Thank Xie Chong-Xin (SWFU) for connecting with SWFU.
~Thank Liao Pei-Lin for providing the living photo.

— We also deeply thank Yin Zi-Xu, Dong Zhi-Wei, Fu Shang-
Qian, Chen Wei-Xian (YNAU), Liang Yi-Nan and all Chinese
stick insects breeders for their long time supporting.

Fig. 11. - 7 maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov., living photo (by
Liao Pei-Lin).

Faunitaxys, 9(4), 2021: 1-5. 5

References

Brock P.D., 1995. — Catalogue of Stick and Leaf-Insects (Insecta:
Phasmida) Associated with Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.
Malaysian Naturalist, 49(2): 83-102.

Brock P.D., Biischer T. & Baker E., 2020. — Phasmida
Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0. [retrieval date].
<http://Phasmida.SpeciesFile.org>.

Cai B.L., 1989. — Description of a new species of walking stick
from China (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae). Acta
Entomologica Sinica, 32(3): 322-324.

Chen S.C. & He Y.H., 1995. —A new species of Trachythorax
from Hainan, China (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae). Acta
Zootaxonomica Sinica, 20(2): 197-199.

Chen S.C. & He Y.H., 1996. — Description of Two Species of Males of
Parasipyloidea and Trachythorax (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae)
Unknown Before. Forest Research, 9(6): 664-665.

Chen S.C. & He Y.H., 2008. — Phasmatodea of China. China
Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 476 pp.

Clark Sellick J.T., 1997. — Descriptive terminology of the phasmid
egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera
based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology, 22: 97-122.
https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1997.d01-30.x

Hennemann F. H., Conle O. V. & Zhang W. W., 2008. — Catalogue
of the stick and leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a
faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological
studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea).
Zootaxa, 1735: 1-76. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1735.1.1

Otte D. & Brock P.D., 2005. — Phasmida Species File - Catalog Oe es es
of stick and leaf insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Oe SN ge 4 a TS hes
Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, : ae ee Sk te

Philadelphia. 414pp. Fig. 12. - Habitat of 7 maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov.

Redtenbacher J., 1908. — Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. LIT.
Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Shiraki T., 1935. — Orthoptera of the Japanese Empire (Part IV)
Necrosciini). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 250 pp. Phasmidae. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture,
Seow-Choen F., 2019. — A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Taihoku Imperial University, Formosa, 14: 23-88.
Borneo Vol. 3. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications Westwood J.O., 1848. — The cabinet of Oriental Entomology.
(Borneo), 288pp. 77, pl. 38: 2.

Résumé

Gao H. R. & Liang L., 2021. — Description d’une nouvelle sous-espéce du genre Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 (Phasmatodea: Necrosciinae)
du Yunnan, Chine. Faunitaxys, 9(4): 1-5.

Trachythorax maculicollis yunnanensis subsp. nov. est décrite du Yunnan, Chine. Les photos des adultes et des oeufs sont
présentées. Une clé des exemplaires femelles des 6 espéces connues de Chine est proposée.

Mots clés. — Phasmatodea, Necrosciinae, Trachythorax, maculicollis, yunnanensis, taxonomie, nouvelle sous-espéce, clé, Yunnan, Chine.

Faunitaxys

Volume 9, Numero 4, Fevrier 2021

SOMMAIRE

Description d’une nouvelle sous-espéce du genre Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 (Phasmatodea:
Necrosciinae) du Yunnan, Chine.

Fe (eos tera Gretolece U0 0] (Meine ceeeres mepee tere ean eee cree ee rere eee 1-5

CONTENTS

A new subspecies of Zrachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908 (Phasmatodea: Necrosciinae) from
Yunnan, China.

TIGO“ROR GOO SC L1G ert secre eee cca pe ena meee ee eee setae 1-5

Illustration de la couverture : Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Chine.

Crédits photos:
Fig. 1-10, 12 & couverture : © Gao Hao-Ran
Fig. 11 : © Liao Pei-Lin

Publié par |’ Association Frangaise de Cartographie de la Faune et de la Flore (AFCFF)